45 people died in Lee County, where Ian made landfall. Did officials do enough?

As the death toll in Florida from Hurricane Ian climbed to 71 on Tuesday, many continued to question whether lives could have been saved if Lee County officials had moved more quickly to evacuate barrier islands and other low-lying areas devastated by the storm.

In Lee County – which includes Fort Myers and where Ian made landfall near Cayo Costa at 3:05 p.m. Wednesday – officials waited until 7 a.m. Tuesday to order people to leave vulnerable coastal areas, while other southwest counties ordered evacuations Monday.

Of the confirmed deaths, 45 were in Lee County.

Republican U.S. Sen. Rick Scott, who served two terms as Florida governor and dealt with several major hurricanes, on Sunday told CNN that state and Lee County emergency management officials should review their decision to see what could have been done differently to minimize the loss of life.

"I think the way you have to look at it is, every loss of life, you have to say to yourself, what could you do differently next time so it never happens again?" he told CNN host Dana Bash, when she pressed about the delayed evacuations in Lee County.

But state disaster officials and academics who study evacuations said Fort Myers area officials shouldn’t be blamed.

“They made the best decision based on the information they had at the time,” said Kevin Guthrie, the state’s director of emergency management, on Monday. “I will never second-guess a local emergency manager’s decision to issue an emergency evacuation order.”

Over the weekend, Gov. Ron DeSantis defended the timing of evacuation orders by Southwest Florida officials.

“They were following the data,” he told reporters on Saturday in Fort Myers in recounting the shifting path of Ian, which was seen as likely targeting Tampa Bay shortly before an eastward turn brought it further south along the Gulf Coast.

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'It's not the government's responsibility'

John Renne, who researches evacuations as director of the Center for Urban and Environmental Studies at Florida Atlantic University, agreed with how Florida officials handled evacuations.

"I don't fault the emergency managers in Lee County," said Renne, who was working at the University of New Orleans in 2005 and analyzed evacuation decisions that were made in the run-up to Hurricane Katrina, which claimed 1,833 lives.

People who live on barrier islands or in flood-prone areas or mobile homes should be prepared to leave their homes before an evacuation order is issued, Renne said.

"It's not the government's responsibility to force you to evacuate, it's your own responsibility to know your risk,” Renne said. “I know that sounds harsh, but it's a shared responsibility."

Brad Lambert, who spent a harrowing day trying to escape Ian’s fury while floodwaters rose in his mobile home near the Caloosahatchee River and the Sanibel Causeway, readily admitted he and his wife made the wrong call.

“We were going to go somewhere, but then there was nowhere to go,” he said of why they didn’t heed evacuation orders. “The traffic was just horrible, so we thought we'd be OK. … Hindsight is always 20-20. We should have left.”

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Fort Myers Beach Mayor Ray Murphy voiced reluctance to wade into the controversy about whether officials in his devastated county should have ordered evacuations sooner. Appearing on "Today" Monday, he acknowledged that most of his constituents are battle-hardened from previous hurricanes.

“Lots of us locals who have been here for years and years and years, we know when it’s time to go," Murphy said.

Still, he said, they also rely on evacuation orders. But, he insisted, it wasn't his job to second-guess county officials.

“I’m not in a position right now to challenge those warnings or what have you," Murphy said. "As I say, that’s up on the county level and the state level, and I’m going to let them fight that out right now."

"We’ve got much more work to do here on the ground that we’re busy with," he continued. "I’ll certainly be more interested in hearing about those results at a future date.”

Wind vs. water: Many misunderstand the dangers

Regardless of when an evacuation order is issued, many chose to stay, experts say. Some do so because while they trust the forecasts, they believe they will be spared.

Others stay because they don't understand the dangers posed by a hurricane. Many people — including the media — focus too much attention on wind speeds, ignoring the fact that water kills, said Craig Fugate, a former administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and former head of Florida’s disaster agency.

"It goes back to what the meteorologists are covering — they are getting blown around, you are looking at satellite images," said Fugate, ticking off the mainstays of television news footage of hurricanes.

In Florida, he said, people’s obsession with wind is rooted in Hurricane Andrew. The 1992 storm that packed winds of 174 mph turned neighborhoods in Miami-Dade County into rubble and killed 65 people.

"The psyche in Florida is the trauma of Hurricane Andrew and that was wind," Fugate said.

While a 2014 study by the National Hurricane Center debunked that widely-held fear, few paid attention. The study found that 88% of all deaths in hurricanes that made landfall in the United States from 1963 to 2012 were caused by storm surge, flooding and high surf. By comparison, deaths from wind, including tornadoes spawned by the tropical cyclones, accounted for just 11% of the fatalities.

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BEFORE AND AFTER: Annotated maps and video show damage from  Ian

Initial reports about how lives were lost in Hurricane Ian indicate that water, not wind, was the culprit.

“There were a lot of drownings,” said Mark Glass, who as commissioner of the Florida Department of Law Enforcement oversees the board that determines causes of death.

He added that a “variety of factors” caused people to perish. But, with autopsies ongoing, he didn’t have a complete listing of causes of death to publicly release.

Before the toll rose to 71 on Tuesday, the board Glass oversees, the Florida Medical Examiners Commission, on Monday night confirmed that Ian claimed the lives of 68 people in eight counties.

Those numbers didn't include 23 deaths reported by the Charlotte County Sheriff’s Office. Autopsies will be conducted to determine if the deaths in the Punta Gorda and Port Charlotte area were caused by the storm, said Charlotte County Sheriff Bill Prummell.

One of the difficulties is determining whether people died in the storm or whether a medical condition, such as a heart attack, was responsible, Glass said.

Whether the death toll will rise is unknown, Guthrie said. Search-and-rescue teams have checked 45,000 homes and businesses where people in vulnerable areas sheltered in place.

“We are somewhat confident that we had people checked at every address,” Guthrie said. “We’ve been to every address at least once and now we’re going back again.”

Contributing: Kimberly Miller, Palm Beach Post; Dan Glaun, Naples Daily News; and Florida Capitol Bureau reporter John Kennedy. Jane Musgrave covers federal and civil courts for The Palm Beach

MORE HURRICANE IAN COVERAGE

• In Fort Myers: Black neighborhood residents say they aren’t counting on much help

• In the Everglades: A hardscrabble fishing community bands together 

• On Sunday:  Floridians gathered for church, bringing their  Ian survival stories

This article originally appeared on Fort Myers News-Press: Hurricane Ian death toll in Lee County, Fort Myers: Who is to blame?